Wiki source code of Power controller

Version 38.1 by Mathias Larsen on 2026/09/23 18:47

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version	line-number	content
31.2	1	{{wikibox title="Power controller" image="https://wiki.alignracing.no/bin/download/Electrical/Power%20controller/WebHome/Screenshot%202026-09-22%20211347.png?rev=1.1" caption="3D model of the Power controller from Altium Designer" width="30" labelWidth="50"}}
	2	Supply voltage=12–24 V DC
	3	Fused circuits=9 (5 × 24 V outputs, fan outputs, digital outputs, 12 V circuit, internal electronics)
	4	24 V outputs=5
	5	24 V fan outputs=2 (shared fuse)
	6	12 V outputs=2
	7	Digital outputs (shared fuse)=2 × 12 V switched (5 A), 2 × 24 V switched (330 mA), 2 × PWM
	8	Communication interface=CAN FD
37.1	9	Maximum data rate=1 Mbps
28.1	10	{{/wikibox}}
	11
37.1	12	== Table of contents ==
22.1	13
24.3	14	----
	15
22.1	16	{{toc/}}
	17
38.1	18
	19
28.1	20	== Pinout ==
6.2	21
28.1	22	=== Connector pinout ===
	23
37.1	24	\|=(% style="width: 281px;" %)Pin\|=(% style="width: 135px;" %)Signal\|=(% style="width: 157px;" %)Comment\|=(% style="width: 132px;" %)
14.9	25	\|(% style="width:281px" %)1\|(% style="width:135px" %)CANH\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
14.6	26	\|(% style="width:281px" %)2\|(% style="width:135px" %)CANL\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	27	\|(% style="width:281px" %)3\|(% style="width:135px" %)FAN 1 PWM\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	28	\|(% style="width:281px" %)4\|(% style="width:135px" %)FAN 2 PWM\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
37.1	29	\|(% style="width:281px" %)5\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %)Solder blob\|(% style="width:132px" %)
	30	\|(% style="width:281px" %)6\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %)Solder blob\|(% style="width:132px" %)
	31	\|(% style="width:281px" %)7\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %)Solder blob\|(% style="width:132px" %)
	32	\|(% style="width:281px" %)8\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %)Solder blob\|(% style="width:132px" %)
14.7	33	\|(% style="width:281px" %)9\|(% style="width:135px" %)Accumulator\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
14.6	34	\|(% style="width:281px" %)10\|(% style="width:135px" %)Front\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
14.7	35	\|(% style="width:281px" %)11\|(% style="width:135px" %)Power fan\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	36	\|(% style="width:281px" %)12\|(% style="width:135px" %)Power fan\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
37.1	37	\|(% style="width:281px" %)13\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
14.7	38	\|(% style="width:281px" %)14\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	39	\|(% style="width:281px" %)15\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	40	\|(% style="width:281px" %)16\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	41	\|(% style="width:281px" %)17\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	42	\|(% style="width:281px" %)18\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	43	\|(% style="width:281px" %)19\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	44	\|(% style="width:281px" %)20\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	45	\|(% style="width:281px" %)21\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	46	\|(% style="width:281px" %)22\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	47	\|(% style="width:281px" %)23\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	48	\|(% style="width:281px" %)24\|(% style="width:135px" %)12V\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	49	\|(% style="width:281px" %)25\|(% style="width:135px" %)12V\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
37.1	50	\|(% style="width:281px" %)26\|(% style="width:135px" %)12V power pump 1\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	51	\|(% style="width:281px" %)27\|(% style="width:135px" %)12V power pump 2\|(% style="width:157px" %) \|(% style="width:132px" %)
	52	\|(% style="width:281px" %)28\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %)Solder blob\|(% style="width:132px" %)
	53	\|(% style="width:281px" %)29\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %)Solder blob\|(% style="width:132px" %)
	54	\|(% style="width:281px" %)30\|(% style="width:135px" %)GND\|(% style="width:157px" %)Solder blob\|(% style="width:132px" %)
	55	\|(% style="width:281px" %)31\|(% style="width:135px" %)Buzzer\|(% style="width:157px" %)Is brake light in wiring harness\|(% style="width:132px" %)
	56	\|(% style="width:281px" %)32\|(% style="width:135px" %)Brake light\|(% style="width:157px" %)Is buzzer in wiring harness\|(% style="width:132px" %)
	57	\|(% style="width:281px" %)33\|(% style="width:135px" %)24V\|(% style="width:157px" %)Reserve\|(% style="width:132px" %)
	58	\|(% style="width:281px" %)34\|(% style="width:135px" %)24V\|(% style="width:157px" %)Reserve\|(% style="width:132px" %)
	59	\|(% style="width:281px" %)35\|(% style="width:135px" %)24V\|(% style="width:157px" %)Sensor card\|(% style="width:132px" %)
14.2	60
37.1	61	=== Microcontroller pinout ===
6.2	62
37.1	63	The power controller uses a microcontroller to control the pumps, fans, buzzer and brake light. It also handles current monitoring and the LED indicators. The microcontroller used in this system is the STM32G431CBT6.
7.1	64
	65
37.1	66	\|=Physical pin\|=Electrical pin\|=Description
	67	\|1\|VBAT\|Backup battery supply, used if an RTC is needed (connected to +3V3 in this design)
	68	\|5\|OSC_IN\|Clock input (8 MHz oscillator)
	69	\|7\|NRST\|Active-low reset, can be connected to a button (connected to +3V3)
	70	\|8\|PA0\|Analog signal: Current 6, supply 24 V reserve
	71	\|9\|PA1\|Analog signal: Current 7, supply 24 V reserve
	72	\|10\|PA2\|Analog signal: Current 5, supply sensor card
	73	\|11\|PA3\|Analog signal: Current 4, supply front
	74	\|12\|PA4\|Analog signal: Current 3, supply accumulator
	75	\|13\|PA5\|Analog signal: Current 2, supply fans
	76	\|14\|PA6\|Digital output: LED 9
	77	\|15\|PA7\|Digital output: LED 2
	78	\|16\|PB0\|Analog signal: Current 8, supply buzzer and brake light
	79	\|17\|PB1\|PWM: Enable fan 1
7.4	80	\|18\|PB2\|Input: V-sense
5.1	81	\|19\|VSSA\|Voltage source: Ground
37.1	82	\|20\|VREF\|Voltage reference (internal voltage reference)
5.1	83	\|21\|VDDA\|Voltage source: Power (+3V3)
7.4	84	\|22\|PB10\|Digital output: LED 8
5.1	85	\|23\|VSS\|Voltage source: Ground
	86	\|24\|VDD\|Voltage source: Power (+3V3)
37.1	87	\|25\|PB11\|Analog signal: Current 1, internal components
	88	\|26\|PB12\|Analog signal: Current 9, supply 12 V pumps, inverter and data logger
	89	\|29\|PB15\|PWM: Enable fan 2
	90	\|30\|PA8\|Digital output: Enable buzzer (on the car it is the brake light)
	91	\|31\|PA9\|Digital output: Enable brake light (on the car it is the buzzer)
	92	\|32\|PA10\|Input: ASMS signal
	93	\|33\|PA11\|CAN bus RXD
	94	\|34\|PA12\|CAN bus TXD
5.1	95	\|35\|VSS\|Voltage source: Ground
	96	\|36\|VDD\|Voltage source: Power (+3V3)
	97	\|37\|PA13\|SWDIO
	98	\|38\|PA14\|SWCLK
9.2	99	\|40\|PB3\|Digital output: LED 3
	100	\|41\|PB4\|Digital output: LED 4
	101	\|42\|PB5\|Digital output: LED 5
37.1	102	\|43\|PB6\|Digital output: Enable pump 1
	103	\|44\|PB7\|Digital output: Enable pump 2
9.2	104	\|45\|PB8\|Digital output: LED 6
37.1	105	\|46\|PB9\|Digital output: LED 7
5.1	106	\|47\|VSS\|Voltage source: Ground
	107	\|48\|VDD\|Voltage source: Power (+3V3)
2.1	108
23.7	109	== Distribution circuit ==
23.4	110
38.1	111	The board has 9 distribution circuits, one for each fused output group. All 9 circuits use the same design, and the component reference designators follow the circuit number (circuit 1 uses R101–R104, C101, D101 and F101, circuit 2 uses R201–R204, and so on). Each circuit consists of:
	112
	113	* A fuse in a Littelfuse nano fuse holder, so the fuse can be replaced without soldering
	114	* A 2 mΩ shunt resistor for current measurement
	115	* A current sense amplifier channel and a low-pass filter to the microcontroller ADC
	116	* An RGB LED, where the green channel shows that the fuse is intact and the red channel is controlled by the microcontroller
	117
23.8	118	[[image:1790100104451-169.png]]
	119
38.1	120	\|=Component\|=Value\|=Ref Des (circuit 1)
	121	\|Fuse holder\|Littelfuse nano\|F101
	122	\|Shunt resistor\|2 mΩ, 1 %, 5 W, 2512\|R101
	123	\|Filter resistor\|10 kΩ\|R102
	124	\|Filter capacitor\|10 nF\|C101
	125	\|Green LED resistor\|4.7 kΩ, 0805\|R103
	126	\|Red LED resistor\|350 Ω\|R104
	127	\|RGB LED\|Würth 150282M167310\|D101
	128
23.7	129	=== Green LED ===
23.4	130
38.1	131	The green LED indicates whether the fuse is intact. It is connected from the output side of the fuse to ground through a 4.7 kΩ resistor. When the fuse is intact, the LED lights up. If the fuse blows, the LED loses its supply and turns off. This makes it easy to find a blown fuse by looking at the board.
23.5	132
38.1	133	The LED is powered directly from the output voltage, so the current depends on the supply. At 24 V the current is roughly 4–5 mA, and at 12 V it is about 2 mA. This turned out to be brighter than necessary.
	134
23.4	135	[[image:1790098808447-123.png]]
	136
23.7	137	=== Current sense ===
	138
38.1	139	The current in each circuit is measured by passing it through a shunt resistor with a very low resistance and measuring the voltage drop across it. This small voltage is amplified, filtered and read by the microcontroller's ADC.
	140
33.24	141	==== Shunt resistor ====
	142
37.1	143	A 2 mΩ shunt resistor is placed in series with the load. The voltage drop across it is 2 mV per ampere of current (0.002 V/A).
33.42	144
38.1	145	The shunt is a Vishay WSLF2512 metal strip resistor with 1 % tolerance and a 5 W rating. The low resistance keeps the losses small: at 8 A the voltage drop is only 16 mV and the power loss is about 0.13 W.
	146
33.25	147	[[image:1790100157872-786.png]]
33.24	148
37.1	149	==== Amplifier ====
33.24	150
37.1	151	The amplifier is a quad-channel current sense amplifier with a gain of 200 V/V. When the measured voltage drop passes through the amplifier, the output is therefore 0.4 V per ampere.
33.32	152
38.1	153	The board uses three INA4180A4 amplifiers (U3, U4, U5) from Texas Instruments. This gives 12 channels, of which 9 are used. The INA4180 measures on the high side and accepts a common-mode voltage of up to 26 V, so it can measure directly on the 24 V outputs.
	154
	155	With the 3.3 V ADC on the microcontroller, the maximum measurable current is about 8 A (3.3 V / 0.4 V/A ≈ 8.25 A). Above this, the amplifier output saturates.
	156
	157	\|=Current\|=Shunt voltage\|=Amplifier output
	158	\|1 A\|2 mV\|0.4 V
	159	\|2.5 A\|5 mV\|1.0 V
	160	\|5 A\|10 mV\|2.0 V
	161	\|8 A\|16 mV\|3.2 V
	162
33.9	163	==== Filter ====
	164
37.1	165	The filter is a low-pass filter with a cutoff frequency of 1.6 kHz.
33.9	166
38.1	167	It is an RC filter made of a 10 kΩ resistor and a 10 nF capacitor between the amplifier output and the ADC pin: f,,c,, = 1 / (2π × 10 kΩ × 10 nF) ≈ 1.6 kHz. The filter removes high-frequency noise, for example from PWM-controlled fans and switching loads, before the signal is sampled. The capacitor also acts as a charge reservoir for the ADC's sampling capacitor.
	168
37.1	169	=== Power amplifier ===
33.9	170
23.9	171	[[image:1790101431805-672.png]]
	172
23.7	173	=== Voltage measurement ===
	174
38.1	175	The supply voltage is measured so the microcontroller can monitor the LV battery voltage. The signal is read on pin PB2 (V-sense).
	176
37.1	177	A voltage divider with a ratio of 1:11 is used, so 24 V corresponds to 2.182 V on the microcontroller pin.
33.7	178
38.1	179	The input voltage is calculated in firmware as V,,in,, = V,,pin,, × 11. With a 3.3 V ADC, the highest voltage that can be measured is about 36 V, which gives good margin above the 24 V supply.
	180
	181	\|=Supply voltage\|=Voltage on pin
	182	\|12 V\|1.09 V
	183	\|20 V\|1.82 V
	184	\|24 V\|2.18 V
	185	\|30 V\|2.73 V
	186
23.9	187	[[image:1790101449150-901.png]]
	188
37.1	189	=== 12 V supply (did not work) ===
23.10	190
38.1	191	The 12 V supply is a synchronous buck converter that steps the 24 V supply down to 12 V for the pumps, inverter and data logger. It is built around an LM5148 buck controller (U801) from Texas Instruments, which drives two external N-channel power MOSFETs (IAUCN04S7L028, Q901 and Q902) as the high-side and low-side switches. The output inductor is a 0.65 µH Coilcraft XAL7070 (L901), and a 3 mΩ resistor (R910) is used for current sensing in the controller.
	192
	193	\|=Component\|=Part\|=Ref Des
	194	\|Buck controller\|LM5148RGYR\|U801
	195	\|Power MOSFETs\|IAUCN04S7L028ATMA1\|Q901, Q902
	196	\|Inductor\|XAL7070-651MEB, 0.65 µH\|L901
	197	\|Current sense resistor\|3 mΩ, 3 W\|R910
	198	\|Output capacitors\|22 µF, 25 V\|C909–C912
	199
37.1	200	The buck converter overheated under load and made a whining sound.
24.1	201
23.11	202	[[image:1790102044737-969.png\|\|height="368" width="925"]]
	203
37.1	204	A Mateksys PM20S-2 power module was used as a quick fix to provide 12 V for the competition.
23.11	205
37.1	206	=== 5 V, 3.3 V and CAN bus ===
23.11	207
37.1	208	Uses the standard Align template.
23.11	209
38.1	210	* 5 V: An AP64060 synchronous buck converter (U6) steps the input voltage down to 5 V. It accepts 4.5–40 V in and delivers up to 0.6 A.
	211	* 3.3 V: An AP2112K-3.3 LDO regulator (U7) generates 3.3 V for the microcontroller and the current sense amplifiers.
	212	* CAN bus: An NCV7344 CAN FD transceiver (U2) connects the microcontroller to the CAN bus. The transceiver supports up to 5 Mbps, and the bus runs at 1 Mbps. A common-mode choke (L1) reduces noise on the bus lines, and a TVS diode (D1) protects them against ESD and voltage spikes.
	213
	214	The whole board is protected by a 400 W power TVS diode (D2) on the input, which clamps voltage spikes on the supply.
	215
33.3	216	== Control logic ==
14.20	217
37.1	218	=== Sourced from the microcontroller ===
14.22	219
38.1	220	The programmable red light is part of the same RGB LED as the green fuse indicator. It is controlled by the firmware and can be used to show the status of each circuit, for example an overcurrent or an output that is switched off.
23.1	221
38.1	222	Current is sourced directly from the microcontroller through a 350 Ω series resistor. When the pin is driven high (3.3 V), current flows through the resistor and the red LED to ground. The STM32 pins can supply up to about 20 mA each, so no transistor is needed. This gives an LED current of roughly 3–4 mA, which made the LEDs too bright. The resistor value should be increased on the next version.
23.3	223
	224	[[image:1790098512666-432.png]]
	225
37.1	226	=== High-side switching ===
14.22	227
38.1	228	The buzzer, brake light and pumps are switched on the high side. The load's negative side is permanently connected to ground, and the controller switches the positive supply. This means a short from the output wire to chassis cannot turn the load on, and the load is completely unpowered when it is off.
	229
	230	Each output uses a P-channel MOSFET as the main switch between the supply and the load. A P-channel MOSFET is used because it can switch the high side without a charge pump or gate driver. It turns on when its gate is pulled below its source (the supply voltage).
	231
	232	The microcontroller runs on 3.3 V and cannot pull the gate of the P-channel MOSFET far enough on its own. A small N-channel MOSFET is therefore used as a level shifter:
	233
	234	* Output off: The microcontroller pin is low, so the N-channel MOSFET is off. A pull-up resistor holds the P-channel gate at the supply voltage, so V,,GS,, = 0 V and the P-channel MOSFET is off.
	235	* Output on: The microcontroller pin goes high (3.3 V) and turns on the N-channel MOSFET. This pulls the P-channel gate towards ground, V,,GS,, becomes negative and the P-channel MOSFET turns on.
	236
	237	A 1 kΩ series resistor on the N-channel gate limits the current from the microcontroller pin, and a 10 kΩ pull-down keeps the output off while the microcontroller is starting up or in reset.
	238
37.1	239	==== Buzzer and brake light ====
35.4	240
37.1	241	The buzzer and brake light are switched on the high side using an N-channel MOSFET (BSS123NH6327XTSA1) that drives a P-channel MOSFET (BSS83PH6327XTSA1).
	242
38.1	243	These outputs run on 24 V. The BSS83P is rated for -60 V and -0.33 A, which limits each output to 330 mA. This is enough for the buzzer and an LED brake light. The maximum gate-source voltage of the BSS83P is ±20 V, so the gate must not be pulled all the way to ground from 24 V. The two 10 kΩ resistors on the P-channel gate form a voltage divider that limits V,,GS,, to about half the supply (≈ -12 V).
	244
35.1	245	[[image:1790181075885-591.png\|\|height="343" width="367"]]
34.4	246
38.1	247	\|=Function\|=Buzzer / brake light
	248	\|Supply\|24 V
	249	\|N-channel MOSFET\|BSS123NH6327XTSA1 (Q803, Q804)
	250	\|P-channel MOSFET\|BSS83PH6327XTSA1 (Q801, Q802)
	251	\|Gate resistor\|1 kΩ (R807, R808)
	252	\|Pull-down / pull-up / divider\|10 kΩ (R805, R806, R809–R812)
	253	\|Maximum output current\|330 mA
	254
37.1	255	==== Pump ====
35.1	256
37.1	257	The N-channel MOSFET (BSS123NH6327XTSA1) is the same as for the buzzer and brake light, but the P-channel MOSFET (BSC084P03NS3GATMA1) has a much higher current rating.
35.2	258
38.1	259	The pumps run on 12 V and draw considerably more current. The BSC084P03 is a power MOSFET rated for -30 V and -78.6 A, with an on-resistance of about 8.4 mΩ. At 5 A this gives a loss of only about 0.2 W, so no heatsink is needed. Since the supply is 12 V, the gate can be pulled fully to ground without exceeding the ±20 V gate-source rating.
	260
34.4	261	[[image:1790181054296-268.png\|\|height="306" width="371"]]
	262
38.1	263	\|=Function\|=Pump 1 / Pump 2
	264	\|Supply\|12 V
	265	\|N-channel MOSFET\|BSS123NH6327XTSA1 (Q905, Q906)
	266	\|P-channel MOSFET\|BSC084P03NS3GATMA1 (Q903, Q904)
	267	\|Gate resistor\|1 kΩ (R913, R914)
	268	\|Pull-down / pull-up\|10 kΩ (R911, R912, R915, R916)
	269	\|Maximum output current\|5 A
	270
17.1	271	== Known issues ==
14.20	272
37.1	273	* The 12 V supply did not work.
	274	* The current measurement has not been tested.
14.20	275
14.1	276	== Features to add ==
	277
37.1	278	* Add MOSFETs to cut power if the LV battery voltage is too low, to save power.
	279	* Add power distribution for the autonomous system.
16.1	280
37.1	281	== BOM (bill of materials) ==
17.1	282
21.1	283	\|=Part Number\|=Description\|=Ref Des\|=Qty\|=Manufacturer\|=MPN
	284	\|CC0603KRX5R6BB475\|Chip Capacitor, 4.7µF +/-20%, 10V, 0603\|C1\|1\|Yageo Group\|CC0603KRX5R6BB475
	285	\|CL10B104KA8NNNC\|MLCC, 0.1 uF, 25V, ±10%, X7R, 0603\|C2, C3, C4, C8, C9, C10, C14, C15, C16\|9\|Samsung Electro-Mechanics\|CL10B104KA8NNNC
	286	\|CL10B105KA8NFNC\|MLCC, 1uF, 25V, 10%, X7R, 0603\|C5, C7\|2\|Samsung Electro-Mechanics\|CL10B105KA8NFNC
37.1	287	\|CL10B103KB8NNNC\|MLCC, 10nF, 50V, +125C, X7R, ±10%, 0603\|C6, C101, C201, C301, C401, C501, C601, C701, C801, C901\|10\|Samsung Electro-Mechanics\|CL10B103KB8NNNC
21.1	288	\|885012206020\|MLCC, General Purpose, 0603, 100nF, 10V\|C11\|1\|Wurth Elektronik\|885012206020
	289	\|885012006051\|MLCC, General Purpose, 0603, 10pF, 50V\|C12, C13\|2\|Wurth Elektronik\|885012006051
	290	\|885012208124\|MLCC, General Purpose, 1206, 2.2µF, 100V\|C17, C19\|2\|Wurth Elektronik\|885012208124
	291	\|885012108022\|MLCC, General Purpose, 1206, 10µF, 50V\|C18\|1\|Wurth Elektronik\|885012108022
	292	\|885012206071R\|MLCC, General Purpose, 0603, 100nF, 25V\|C20\|1\|Wurth Elektronik\|885012206071R
	293	\|885012107014\|MLCC, General Purpose, 0805, 10µF, 16V\|C21, C22\|2\|Wurth Elektronik\|885012107014
	294	\|MBASU105SB5104KFNA01\|MLCC, 50V, 10%, X5R, 0.1uF, 0402\|C23, C24\|2\|TAIYO YUDEN\|MBASU105SB5104KFNA01
	295	\|GRM32ER71H475KA88L\|MLCC, 1210, 4.7uF, 50V, ±10%, X7R\|C902, C903\|2\|Murata\|GRM32ER71H475KA88L
	296	\|GRM188R71A225KE15D\|MLCC, 0603, 2.2uF, X7R, 10V\|C904\|1\|Murata\|GRM188R71A225KE15D
	297	\|CC0402KRX7R6BB104\|Chip Capacitor, 100nF +/-20%, 10V, 0402\|C905, C908\|2\|Yageo Group\|CC0402KRX7R6BB104
	298	\|GRM1555C1H102JA01J\|MLCC, 0402, 1nF, 50V, ±5%, C0G\|C906\|1\|Murata\|GRM1555C1H102JA01J
	299	\|GRM1555C1H4R3CA01D\|MLCC, 0402, 4.3pF, 50V, C0G, ±0.25pF\|C907\|1\|Murata\|GRM1555C1H4R3CA01D
	300	\|GRM32ER61E226KE15L\|MLCC, 1210, 22uF, 25V, X5R\|C909, C910, C911, C912\|4\|Murata\|GRM32ER61E226KE15L
	301	\|824094024\|WE-TVS TVS Diode, SOT23-3L, 2 Channel, 24V, 38pF\|D1\|1\|Wurth Elektronik\|824094024
	302	\|824500261\|WE-TVSP SMT Power TVS Diode, DO-214AC, 400W, 26VDC\|D2\|1\|Wurth Elektronik\|824500261
	303	\|150282M167310\|WL-SFTD Full-color Top LED, 2828, R/G/B, 70°\|D101, D201, D301, D402, D501, D601, D701, D801, D901\|9\|Wurth Elektronik\|150282M167310
	304	\|01550900DR\|Fuseholder - Acs Nano\|F101, F201, F301, F401, F501, F601, F701, F801, F901, F902, F903, F904\|12\|Littelfuse\|01550900DR
	305	\|0466.125NR\|Electric Fuse, Very Fast Blow, 0.125A, 125VAC/VDC, 1206\|F102\|1\|Littelfuse\|0466.125NR
	306	\|776231-1\|Conn Shrouded Header, HDR 35 POS, 4mm, Thru-Hole\|J1\|1\|TE Connectivity\|776231-1
	307	\|76829-0002\|Mega-Fit Straight Male Header, 2x2, 5.7mm Pitch\|J2\|1\|Molex\|76829-0002
38.1	308	\|(4 pin header)\|2.54mm pitch 1x4 vertical header\|J3\|1\|Generic\|
21.1	309	\|44914-0401\|Conn Header Vert 4POS 3mm\|J4\|1\|Molex\|44914-0401
	310	\|1461247-3\|Relay, Gen Purpose, SPST, 8A, 24V\|K1\|1\|TE Connectivity\|OJ-SH-124LMH,000
37.1	311	\|784234510\|WE-CNSA Common Mode Line Filter, 1210, 7850Ω, 200mA\|L1\|1\|Wurth Elektronik\|784234510
21.1	312	\|74438323100\|WE-MAPI SMT Power Inductor, 2510, 10µH, 0.9A, 733mΩ\|L2, L3\|2\|Wurth Elektronik\|74438323100
37.1	313	\|XAL7070-651MEB\|General Purpose Inductor, 0.65uH, 20%, 3028\|L901\|1\|Coilcraft\|XAL7070-651MEB
21.1	314	\|BSS123NH6327XTSA1\|MOSFET N-CH 100V 0.19A SOT-23\|Q201, Q202, Q803, Q804, Q905, Q906\|6\|Infineon\|BSS123NH6327XTSA1
	315	\|BSS83PH6327XTSA1\|SIPMOS Small-Signal Transistor, -0.33A, -60V, SOT-23\|Q801, Q802\|2\|Infineon\|BSS83PH6327XTSA1
	316	\|IAUCN04S7L028ATMA1\|Mosfet, N-ch, 40V, 100A\|Q901, Q902\|2\|Infineon\|IAUCN04S7L028ATMA1
	317	\|BSC084P03NS3GATMA1\|P-Channel OptiMOS P3, -30V VDS, -78.6A ID, PG-TDSON-8-1\|Q903, Q904\|2\|Infineon\|BSC084P03NS3GATMA1
37.1	318	\|(( TBD ))\|Generic Resistor, 350Ω, 0603\|R104, R204, R304, R404, R504, R606, R704, R804, R904\|9\|(( TBD ))\|
	319	\|(( TBD ))\|Generic Resistor, 1KΩ, 0603\|R205, R206, R807, R808, R913, R914\|6\|(( TBD ))\|
	320	\|(( TBD ))\|Generic Resistor, 10KΩ, 0603\|R1, R207, R208, R805, R806, R809, R810, R811, R812, R911, R912, R915, R916\|13\|(( TBD ))\|
	321	\|(( TBD ))\|Generic Resistor, 1.6KΩ, 0603\|R2\|1\|(( TBD ))\|
	322	\|(( TBD ))\|Generic Resistor, 2.2Ω, 0603\|R3\|1\|(( TBD ))\|
	323	\|(( TBD ))\|Generic Resistor, 27KΩ, 0603\|R4\|1\|(( TBD ))\|
	324	\|(( TBD ))\|Generic Resistor, 5.1KΩ, 0603\|R5\|1\|(( TBD ))\|
21.1	325	\|WSLF25122L000FEA\|Res Metal Strip 2512, 0.002Ω, 1%, 5W\|R101, R201, R301, R401, R501, R601, R701, R801, R901\|9\|Vishay\|WSLF25122L000FEA
	326	\|CR0603-FX-1002ELF\|SMD Resistor, 10kΩ, ±1%, 100mW, 0603\|R102, R105, R202, R302, R402, R502, R602, R702, R802, R902\|10\|Bourns\|CR0603-FX-1002ELF
	327	\|CR0805-JW-472ELF\|SMD Resistor, 4.7kΩ, ±5%, 125mW, 0805\|R103, R203, R303, R403, R503, R603, R703, R803, R903\|9\|Bourns\|CR0805-JW-472ELF
	328	\|CR0603-FX-1001ELF\|RES SMD 1K Ohm, 1%, 1/10W, 0603\|R106\|1\|Bourns\|CR0603-FX-1001ELF
	329	\|CRCW060347K5FKEA\|Res Thick Film 0603, 47.5KΩ, 1%, 1/10W\|R905\|1\|Vishay\|CRCW060347K5FKEA
	330	\|RC0603FR-13100KL\|Chip Resistor, 100KΩ, ±1%, 0.1W, 0603\|R906\|1\|Yageo Group\|RC0603FR-13100KL
	331	\|AC0402FR-0712K1L\|Res Thick Film 0402, 12.1KΩ, 1%, 1/16W\|R907\|1\|Yageo Group\|AC0402FR-0712K1L
	332	\|CRCW060340K2FKEA\|Res Thick Film 0603, 40.2KΩ, 1%, 1/10W\|R908\|1\|Vishay\|CRCW060340K2FKEA
	333	\|CRCW06039K53FKEA\|Res Thick Film 0603, 9.53KΩ, 1%, 1/10W\|R909\|1\|Vishay\|CRCW06039K53FKEA
	334	\|WSR33L000FEA\|Res Metal Strip 4527, 0.003Ω, 1%, 3W\|R910\|1\|Vishay\|WSR33L000FEA
	335	\|STM32G431CBT6\|MCU 32-bit ARM Cortex M4, 128KB Flash, 48-Pin LQFP\|U1\|1\|STMicroelectronics\|STM32G431CBT6
	336	\|NCV7344D13R2G\|CAN FD Transceiver, ISO 11898-2, 5Mbps, SOIC-8\|U2\|1\|onsemi\|NCV7344D13R2G
	337	\|INA4180A4IPWR\|26V Quad Channel Current Sense Amplifier, 14-TSSOP\|U3, U4, U5\|3\|Texas Instruments\|INA4180A4IPWR
	338	\|AP64060WU-7\|DC-DC Synchronous Step Down, 4.5-40V to 0.8-26V, 0.6A, TSOT-26\|U6\|1\|Diodes Inc.\|AP64060WU-7
	339	\|AP2112K-3.3TRG1\|Fixed Positive LDO, 3.3V, 0.4V Dropout, PDSO5\|U7\|1\|Diodes Inc.\|AP2112K-3.3TRG1
	340	\|LM5148RGYR\|3.5-80V Current Mode Synchronous Buck Controller, 24-VQFN\|U801\|1\|Texas Instruments\|LM5148RGYR
	341	\|ASE-8.000MHz-E-T\|Crystal Oscillator, 8MHz, 3.3V, 15pF, 4-Pin SMD\|Y1\|1\|Abracon\|ASE-8.000MHZ-E-T
30.2	342
32.8	343	= AR27 Concept =
30.2	344
37.1	345	This section describes the concept for AR27.
30.2	346
31.1	347	== Changes ==
30.2	348
38.1	349	* Connector
	350	** Change main connector
32.12	351	* Circuits
37.1	352	** More dedicated supply circuits
38.1	353	** Keep the same current sensing
	354	** Increase the signal LED resistor on the PCB (the LEDs were too bright)
	355	* Microcontroller
	356	** Needs more inputs
33.1	357	* Digital signals
38.1	358	** Increase the green signal LED resistor on the PCB (the LEDs were too bright)
37.1	359	* 12 V supply
	360	** Three separate 12 V supplies:
	361	*** Pump 1
	362	*** Pump 2
	363	*** Inverter / other 12 V loads
35.2	364	* Autonomous
32.10	365	** Supplied by ASMS
32.11	366	** Potentially control ASSI
33.1	367	** ASMS state detection
31.2	368
32.2	369	== Supply table ==
31.1	370
32.17	371	=== Standard supply table ===
31.4	372
37.1	373	\|= \|=Voltage\|=Shared supply\|=Qty
	374	\|IPC\|24V\|Standalone\|1
	375	\|Pumps\|12V\|Standalone\|2
	376	\|Fans\|24V\|Standalone\|
	377	\|HV box\|24V\|Standalone\|
	378	\|Energy meter\|12V\|Inverter, energy meter\|
	379	\|Inverter\|12V\|Inverter, energy meter\|
35.17	380	\|Accumulator\|24V\|Standalone\|
37.1	381	\|Brake light\|24V\|Buzzer, brake light\|
	382	\|Buzzer\|24V\|Buzzer, brake light\|
	383	\|Sensor module (rear)\|24V\|Sensor modules, telemetry\|
	384	\|Sensor module (front)\|24V\|Sensor modules, telemetry\|
	385	\|Tire temperature\|12V\|Telemetry, tire temperature\|
	386	\|Telemetry\|12V\|Telemetry, tire temperature\|
	387	\|Telemetry\|24V\|Sensor modules, telemetry\|
	388	\|Dashboard\|24V\|Standalone\|
35.20	389	\|SDC\|24V\|Standalone\|
37.1	390	\|SDC monitor\|24V\|Dashboard, telemetry, SDC monitor\|
	391	\|Internal circuitry\|24V\|Standalone\|
31.7	392
32.17	393	=== Autonomous supply table ===
	394
37.1	395	\|= \|=Qty\|=Current
	396	\|Steering motor\|1\|?
	397	\|ASB/ESB\| \|?
35.6	398	\|ASSI\|2\|?
	399	\|RES\|1\|?
32.18	400
32.5	401	== Relevant rules ==
31.7	402
37.1	403	\|=(% style="width: 472px;" %)Rule number\|=(% style="width: 650px;" %)Rule
32.6	404	\|(% style="width:472px" %) \|(% style="width:650px" %)
	405	\|(% style="width:472px" %) \|(% style="width:650px" %)
	406	\|(% style="width:472px" %) \|(% style="width:650px" %)
	407	\|(% style="width:472px" %) \|(% style="width:650px" %)
	408	\|(% style="width:472px" %) \|(% style="width:650px" %)
	409	\|(% style="width:472px" %) \|(% style="width:650px" %)
38.1	410	\|(% style="width:472px" %) \|(% style="width:650px" %)

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